Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelid margins, usually involving the oil glands near the base of the eyelashes. It may result from infection, allergy, or skin conditions. It appears as swelling, redness, and crusting on the eyelashes, often accompanied by irritation, burning, or a foreign body sensation in the eyes.

Types of Blepharitis :

• Posterior blepharitis :

Affects the inner edge of the eyelid due to bacterial infection or dysfunction of the meibomian (oil) glands.

• Anterior blepharitis :

Affects the outer edge of the eyelid at the base of the eyelashes, and includes :

• Seborrheic blepharitis: Associated with oily, dandruff-like scales on the lashes.

• Ulcerative blepharitis: Caused by bacterial infection, with crusts, ulcers, and discharge (sometimes seen in children).

• Parasitic blepharitis: Caused by infestation with eyelash mites (Demodex).

Symptoms :

• Swelling and redness of the eyelids

• Itching, burning, or stinging sensation

• Dry eyes or excessive tearing

• Eyelids sticking together upon waking due to secretions

• Crusting at the base of the eyelashes

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

• Foreign body sensation in the eye

Causes :

• Bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections (e.g., Demodex mites)

• Skin conditions: psoriasis, eczema, rosacea

• Meibomian gland dysfunction or blockage

• Allergic reactions (e.g., cosmetics or contact lens solutions)

Complications :

• Eyelash loss

• Dry eye disease

• Recurrent conjunctivitis

• Eyelid malposition (entropion/ectropion)

• Corneal infection or keratitis

Treatment :

• Depends on the underlying cause and severity.

• Includes :

  • Daily eyelid hygiene with gentle cleaning using diluted baby shampoo or special eyelid wipes.

  • Warm compresses and eyelid massage.

  • Topical or oral antibiotics for bacterial cases.

  • Artificial tears for dry eye relief.

  • Short-term topical steroids for severe inflammation.

  • Immunomodulator eye drops or advanced therapies (intense pulsed light, thermal pulsation) for chronic cases.

Prevention :

• Maintain regular eyelid hygiene.

• Wash hands frequently and avoid rubbing the eyes.

• Remove makeup before sleeping.

• Treat associated skin conditions like dandruff or rosacea.